Stepbystep Guide To Yard And Garden Insects Tomato Hornworms

Tomato hornworms are one of the most destructive pests that can infest your yard and garden, particularly if you have tomato plants. These large, green caterpillars can eat through entire leaves, stems, and even fruit, causing significant damage to your crops. In this article, we will provide a step-by-step guide on how to identify, prevent, and control tomato hornworms in your yard and garden.

Understanding Tomato Hornworms

Tomato hornworms are the larvae of the five-spotted hawk moth, a common insect found throughout North America. The adult moths are large, with a wingspan of up to 5 inches, and are typically gray or brown in color. The female moths lay their eggs on the leaves of tomato plants, and the eggs hatch into caterpillars within a few days. The caterpillars then feed on the plant, growing larger and more destructive as they mature.

Identifying Tomato Hornworms

Tomato hornworms are relatively easy to identify due to their large size and distinctive appearance. They are typically 3-4 inches long, with a green or yellowish-green color and a series of white or yellow stripes running along their body. They also have a distinctive horn or spine on their rear end, which gives them their name. If you notice any of these characteristics on your tomato plants, it’s likely that you have a tomato hornworm infestation.

Preventing Tomato Hornworms

Preventing tomato hornworms from infesting your yard and garden is easier than trying to control them after they have already arrived. Here are some steps you can take to prevent tomato hornworms:

Using Row Covers

Row covers are lightweight, porous fabrics that allow plants to breathe and receive sunlight while keeping insects out. By covering your tomato plants with row covers, you can prevent adult moths from laying eggs on the leaves. Make sure to secure the row covers tightly around the plants to prevent moths from slipping underneath.

Hand-Picking

Hand-picking is an effective way to control tomato hornworms, especially if you have a small garden. Inspect your plants regularly, and remove any hornworms you find. Drop the hornworms into a bucket of soapy water to kill them. This method can be time-consuming, but it’s a good way to get rid of hornworms without using chemicals.

Using Biological Controls

Biological controls, such as parasitic wasps and predators, can help control tomato hornworm populations. These natural enemies can be introduced into your garden to feed on the hornworms. You can also use bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a bacterial toxin that kills hornworms when ingested.

Controlling Tomato Hornworms

If you already have a tomato hornworm infestation, there are several methods you can use to control them. Here are some steps you can take:

Using Insecticides

Insecticides can be effective in controlling tomato hornworms, but they should be used as a last resort. Make sure to choose an insecticide that is specifically labeled for use on tomato plants, and follow the instructions carefully. Some common insecticides used to control tomato hornworms include pyrethrin and permethrin.

Using Diatomaceous Earth

Diatomaceous earth is a natural, powdered substance that can be used to control tomato hornworms. It works by dehydrating the hornworms, causing them to die. Sprinkle the diatomaceous earth powder on the plants, making sure to cover all areas where the hornworms are present.

Using Neem Oil

Neem oil is a natural insecticide that can be used to control tomato hornworms. It works by disrupting the hornworms’ hormone systems, preventing them from reproducing. Mix neem oil with water according to the instructions, and spray it on the plants, making sure to cover all areas where the hornworms are present.